N O M E N C L AT U R E

Mei 2011: de lijst bereikte meer dan 1134 verschillende benamingen

May 2011: the list has reached more than 1134 proper (and nick) names

The one who knows new proper (and nick) names for the Jew’s harp and

that still are absent in this nomenclature, write to

phonsbakxatantropodiumdottweakdsldotnl

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Europe

Netherlands: mondharp, mondharpje, mondtrom, mondtrommel, muyltromp, mondtromp, mondtrompje, moeltromp, moeltrompje, muiltromp, muiltrompje, troemp; Jeudy tromp and Joodse harp [last two are litteral translations of the word Jew’s harp], trompen [= to play on the Jew’s harp] jeugdtromp [= youngster-Jew’s harp], snorreding[etje] [= roaring thing], bromijzer [= droning iron; translation from the German word Brummeisen], Oink-beest [= a beast that just says ‘oink’, a metaphor from a Dutch fairy-tale by Nieman/Zuiderveld 1972], Gedachtenverdrijver [= thoughts dispeller, metaphor used by Phons Bakx. 1992; a translation into the Dutch by the archæologist Jaap Ypey [1917-1986] from the Italian word scacciapensieri, p. 215 - 1976 ]; Zorgenverjager [= dispeller of worries/Jaap Ypey, p. 215 – 1976]; speelke, speeltje [both from Zeeuws-Vlaanderen, the area of birth and childhood of the author of this nomenclature];

Friesland: mûlharpe

Belgium,Wallony: gawe, giww-gaww, gaww, gaw; [to play the Jew’s harp: gaw’ter, gawî, gawyî, gawté ; a Jew’s harper: gawteû], epinette, tromba d’amore [historical/ironical names, Vanderheijden/Lemahieu], harpe juive [litteral translation of Jew’s harp], trompe-des-petit-enfants;

Belgium, Flanders: [general use] mondtrom; [from the past centuries:] teuter, tromp[e], speeltrompje, boerentromp [= farmers-Jew’s harp]; Brabant: troemp, troempe, trompken

France: rébute [15th century], reberbe [16th century] guimbare [obsolete]; bombarde, petite Lyre, trompe d’Allemagne [last three in a publication from Nancy, 1779]; guimbarde, trompe, trompe-laquais or trompe de laquais [obsolete], joue, Jeu trompe [= play-trompet], crancran, trompe de Béarn, gronde [obsolete], rebube, rabube, épinette [obsolete; 1780, Laborde], trompe Juive [litteral translation of the English Jew’s harp], tambour buccal [= mouth-tambour; obsolete]; champòrni and champoño [Marseille], fanfornia [Nice/Provence]; champagno, guindarro, guitarro [all from Occitania]; semsonia [14th century, Les Pyrenées];

Corsica/Corse: riberbula

England: standard: Jew’s harp; Iues trounk [16^th century based a clerical error!]: Jue Harpes, Jue Trumpes [both from 1481]; Iewes trump[e], iawes trump[e]; [preceding centuries]: Jewes harp, jawes harp, Jew’s harp [since 1595], Jaw’s harp [written since 1711 in the way as Jew’s harp is written], jaw harp, mouth-harp, horn, Jew’s horn, Jaw’s trump [written in the way as Jew’s trump is written], Jew’s trump; crembala [Comenius, 1671]; worry killer [a local advertised translation from Italy, translated into English -- translation of scacciapensieri], thought dispeller [translated from scacciapensieri, via the Dutch “Gedachtenverdrijver”, Jaap Ypey/Phons Bakx]; phonoharp [Jew’s harp with a trumpet-like soundhorn, in Museum ‘The Shambles’, Newent];

North-East England: gewgaw [= bauble; 1787], gew-jaw [Northumbria], Jew-gaw [the last seems to be a combined form];

Scotland: trumpaidh, ributhe, ribup, rivupe; [four names in Gaelic [Campbell 1900]: trumb, tromb, tromp and truimb; gewgaw; trump, trumph [last one in general use in 17^th and 18^th century]; Deils trump, Devil’s trump, Dewill’s trump [last three names are condemned, that’s to say, it were names given by 16^th century witch-hunters]; twanger [Porteous, personal], giddy row [= awful noise; nickname by Nora Porteous, Lindsay’s mother]

Wales: sturmant, ystyrmant [very similar to the word instrument]; biwba, biwbo, giwga, giwgan.

Ireland: trumpa, trumpadh

Germany. standard: Maultrommel; Sumer von Triere [poetical name, Fr. Von Hausen, 12th century], Maultrumme [1582, Fischart], Trumme [1586], Trumm [1629], Trummeisen [1629], Maultrumpe [1654, Göring], Trummel [1715, Weigel], Maulbrummel [1777], Mauldrumme [Schuppius], Zaubereisen [1820, Kerner], Schnarre [1840, Schmidt], Trunsel, Trunz [both from Alsace 1907]; Mundeisen, Maulharfe, Mauldromma, Mundharfe [last name is very rare in German language area], Brummelstahl, Brummstahl, Brummeleisen, Brummeisen [Praetorius, 1619], Kinnbackenharfe [translation of ‘Jaw harp’], Maultrommla [Nefflem, 1854; Schwaben], Judenharfe [translation of ‘Jew’s harp’], Cythara Judæorum [Skinner, 18th-19th century]; Mundgeige, Maulgeige, Maulgei, Maulóórjel, Maulorjel, Mauldrommel [all from Saarland]; Mauldrumel [Darmstadt]; Maultromme, Mauldrome, Mauldrombel, Maulorgel, Maulharmonika [all from Hessen-Nassau]; Maultrumel [Süd-Hessen] Mulldrumbe, Muldrummel, Maultrompe, Maultrompete [all from Kassel-area]; Mülorjel [Nieder-Hessen]; Mûltrumpe [Westfalen/Niedersachsen]; Multrumpe, Multrommel [Bergisches Land/Wuppertal, Nordharz, Ahrtal]; Multrom[m] [Elberfeld, Kleve, Kalkar, Aachen]; Multromp [Bröltal]; Fotzenhobel [obscene mockery name in South-Germany]; Drombe [Siegerland]. Obvious West Slavian influences: Drumme, Drummeisen [mixed with Brummeisen]. Latin forms: Trombula, Trombola, , Mundharmonika [since 1792], crembalum, Aura; Sorbian or Wendish: brumla, brumljava, brumlawa, brumlado, brumlada

Switzerland. German language area: Trumpel [1511, Sebastian Virdung], Trumpeln [around Basel] Trümpi [Muotatal -- a player is called here Trümpner, to play on the Jew’s harp is called trümpnen]; Tremolo [Bosco-Gurin], Tromff, Trümmi [kanton Luzern]; Trimpi, Trimmi [both in kanton Uri], Trumbel, Muultrumme [= wrangling woman], Multrum [obsolete], Maulgeige; Muul Trummle, Muultrummle [last two in Kanton Bern], Maltrommel [last two in Swyzerdütsch-language]; in French language area: rebibe [15th century], rbairbe, rebaire, rebaîrbe [Freibergerland], bombarde, rebaîrbe [North Jura], rbiba, rbibe [last two from South Jura]; rbaîrbe [Freiberge], trompe de Berne. Italian language area: timpan, suna da bucca, trumbla [last three in Bündner Oberland and Oberhalbstein]; variations on symfonia,

Räto-Romanic: zanfòrgna, cinfòrgna, zinfòrgna; tschamforgnia [last from Engiadina/Engadin]; schanforgna, tschinforgna [Graubünden]; North-Italian influence: spassapensieri, cacciapensiere, scacciapensieri

Austria: crembalum [1735, Hörmann], Maultrummel, Maultumbl, Trumml, Muultrummel, Muultrummle, Zupftrumml; Twangl, Dirndl-Locka [both from Stiermarken]; Maultrumml [Pustertal]; Maulorgel, Liabeisn [both Tirol]; mockery names: Steiermärkertrommel, Steiermärker-Trumml, Strohtrommel, Pilsentrommel, Schlüsseltrommel, Tschuschnharpfn, der Mentschafanga [last is from Salzburgerland]; typo-industrial names: der Deutsche, der Ganauser, der Lyra, der Eichel

Denmark: mundharpe [mostly meant for mouthorgan, obsolete as meaning for Jew’s harp], Jødeharpe, mundgige

Norway: munn harpa, munnharpe, munnhorpe, munnhorpa, mundharpa, munnharp

Sweden: mun(n)giga, mungigan [1886], munharpa, mungigor; obsolete: Jødeharpe [translation of ‘Jew’s harp’], giga [1773], blånjng² onomatopeia]

Finnland. [Karelian]: huuliharppu [= lip-harp], huulipeli, Suuharppu; munniharppu, mārīstysrauta, suurauta, suupeli, pussipeli, turpajurra [last is a historical name, obsolete], taavetin harppu [= David harp; the last six names according to Tapani Varis]; pelirauta, suupelirauta;

no Jew’s harp-type among Lapps, no name among Lapps

Iceland: munnharpa, gyðingaharpa, kjálkaharpa

Esperanto: bûsoharpo

Baltic lands

Estonia: mynn harpa [Swedish languaged popul.], пармупилль/ parmupill [= bumble bee, horse-fly], konnappill [= frog; from metal], suupill [made out of bone; compare Ostyak- & Vogul-names in Siberia], su pill; lotsa-pill;

Lithuania: dambras, bandūrēlis [= metal], bandúrka; šeivjale, šeivéle;

Latvia: zobasse, zóba spéles [= teeth-play], bandúra, zobasse [= metal]; варгас / várgas, варгана / várgana, wárgana; варганс / várgans [Jew’s harp playing: варганат/varganat; for original sources, see Russia]

Mediterranean:

Italy. trombola, crembalum, cymbalum orale [= mouth-bell], viabò [Lombardia, Vincenzo Giustiani]; [mainland of the North]: ribèba [15th century], rebebbe [Piedmonte, 16th century], reboeba [Cremasco], biobó [1608], arbebola [1840, Schmidt], rébebe [Cremona]; bebola, grillane, biobò [all in Toscana]; aura, zanforgna, ribeba, ribebba [all in Piemonte], brombola [Venice], harmonica, grillone, riluca; spassa pensieri [= enjoying thoughts, metaphor Bonnani, 19th century] caccia pensiere, scaccia pensieri [= thoughts-dispeller]; variations on symphonia: ciamporgna [Piemonte], zanforgne [Modena], zampogna, sampogne [= bagpipe/equivalent for the native bagpipe - Torino]; zanforgna, cinforgna; callaruni, zapurra, zampurra, ganganarruni [all in Gallura]; garavlena [Romagna]; trumba, marrancuni [Campidano]; sanforgna, ribobia [both in Lombardia]; tromma, chitarra degli zingari [all in Calabria]; tromma, tromba degli zingari [all in Campania]; tintine [Friuli]; cianforma, sanforma, gianpornia [all three in Liguria]; tromma portafortuna [a lucky charm Jew’s harp against the hex]

Sardinia: sa trunfa, sa trumfa, sa zampurra, su piaboi

Sicily: [north] marranzanu [= cricket], maranzan [according to Georg Decristel], marranzana, marranzanu sicilianu, marranzano, marranzuni, moranzano, marranzeta, marauni [Catania], marrucchinu, mariolu di fera, mariolo, mariuolu, maridu [Palermo]; [south]: ‘ngannalar[r]unni [Agrigento], calarunni, gangamarunni, ningalarunni, nghinghilarruni, angalarunni, gnagnararrone

Greece: organon / organon [= instrument; used as a standard name], mpiamp; mpiampώ [Greeks of Smyrna, 1840]; no Jew’s harp-tradition is known in Greece

Portugal: zamponhe; berimbau, brimbau, birimbao [probably connected with Bantu-word ‘imba’ = song / Ortiz, 19th century].

Spain. Castilian in general: arpa de boca [= mouth-harp], birimbao, birimago, berimbau, trompa; Aragon: sanfoina de ferrero [= blacksmith’s hurdy-gurdy]; Catalunia: champorgna, sanfoina, samfoina, sampsonia, sansonia, sinfonya, sinfonia, synfonia, pampa; birimbao, verimbao, berimbao, berembao [last 3 words obviously connected with Bantu-notion imba, which means ‘song’]; Asturia: arpa judia, trompa [last name also in Galicia]; Euskal Herria [Basqueland]: trompa, tronpa, tronpa musukitarra, muxukitarra, mosu-gitarra [last three: kiss-guitar], mosumusika, aho-soinua; [there is in use also]: trompe de Béarn, trompe; Gerona: sinfoyna, samfonia, pampa; archaic names are: guimbarda, trompa inglesia, trompa de Paris, trompa galega, guimbarda provenzal [1890s], guimbarda napolitana [1890s]; pio poyo, pio pollo [= squeaking chicken; transferable: warbling skirt; also: girl with longings; metaphorical/mockery name for obsolete Jew’s harp of Andalusia]

Euro-Slavic languages.

dombrā, brumbice [no references on both names]

Czech Republic/Slovakya: obsolete: crembalum, trombola; standard: drumbla; dialects: drum’la, drombl’a, dromlja, droml’a, drm’a, drumlica, dromblička, drnčály, bzučák [= roaring thing], rapkač, rapčadlo [= rattle], bžundačka, břindačka, brumlačka, brnčadlo, brnkáš, brnkačka, brunda, brundica, grumbla, grumble, grumle; grmle [Horňácko], drndačka [= pluck-thing, 1598, Veleslavin]; drnkaäka; drmle [Moravské Valašsko]; [in Bohemia, on the highlands of Českomoravská Vysočina; [influence of the German ‘Brummeisen’]: brumajzla, brumejzla, brumesli železný; brumagzl [1700, Vusin], brumeisen, bruml’a, brumbla, brumle, brumla; obsolete are: hausličky ústni [= fiddle for the mouth] [1598, Veleslavin];

Poland: drumla, dremla; [before 1650]: dromla [17th century], bromble, brumla

Sorbian: brumladeo

Serbia/Bosnia/Croatia standard: дромбуля/drombulja; дрмбулй/drmbulj, drombulye, drombulje; брунда/brunda; brundica, брукалика/brukalica; брукавика/brukavica; drombuljica, drombuljice, дромбуа/drombu’a; Kajkavian dialect of Croatia: brunda [= the grumbling one]

Slovenia: brumda, drumelza, dromlja, drumeljce, brumbize

Russia: standard: варган/vargan, wargan [plural form:] варгани/vargani, wargani; арган/argan, орган/organ, ворган/worgan [probably vargan and argan [and allied words] are linguistic derivations from old Mid-Greek organ(on)/organ(on), = instrument] or from Vulgar Latin arganum [general for instruments]; notice that: vargi [Slavian] = mouth; warga [Polish] = lip; varga/vorga = mouth; means ‘to sing’ (among Lemko)]; варган-или-зубная-губанка/vargan-ili-zubnaya-gubanka [= lip-and-teeth-instrument]; зубанка/zubanka [зуб /zub = tooth; name is for Jew’s harp of Udmurt origin], труба/truba; in official use came: хомус/khomus [origin from Uralic linguistic clusters];

Belarus [Bielo-Russia, White Russia]: дримба/drýmba, drïmba, várgan, varghan [East-Belarus]; вурган/ vurghan; варганисма/varghanisma [last both for Central- Belarus]; дрымба/drimba [South-Belarus]; друмла/drumla [West-Belarus]; argan; варгас-подковка/vargas-podkovka [= horseshoe-shaped Jew’s harp]; кобза/kóbza [1879]

Ukrain: дримба/drîmba; [from Hutsulshchyna:] drymba , drïmba [there’s a Ukrainian verb drymbati = to dance]; drumlya; dorombá [influence from Hungary]; worgan, órgan, várgan, vigran, varhan, vargane [see also Russia for these last six names]

Bulgaria: дръмкало/ dr’mkalo; дрънкало / dr’nkalo; дръбъзък / dr’mb’z’k; драмбой/ dramboj; drombla /дромбла; drimboj /дръмбой
Rumania/Moldavia: drîmbă, drîmboaie, drîmb, drînd, drînda, drîng; [Maramureş]: drâmbă, drâmboiu, drembà [Italic language influences in Rumania are absent here; it’s not sure if they are obsolete]

Albania: vegël tringulluese

Gypsy-language/Rromani ćhib: grambola [from the Latin form crembalum]

Hungary: doromb [from dorombol = vibrate; doromb játék = to play on the Jew’s harp], drimba, szaj-doromb; dorong, dongó [last two are in dialect and in use on the pushta]

Pan-America

North-America.

United States of America: standard: Jew’s harp; Jaw’s harp, Jew’s horn [last two written in the way as Jew’s harp is written]; juice harp [Texas, 1940-ies]; jaw harp, Jaw harp, horn, Irish harp, trump [1982, Frederick Crane]; Snoopy harp [nickname by Bilyeu], Whitlow harp [industrial tradename of a maker], Juce harp [1837], Jewsaphone [= megaphonic Jew’s harp, Gohring], Ozark-harp, Dusie Harp [industrial Jew’s harp-name, for radio & orchestral work, 1950], Mouth harp, Juice organ, harp, Jewish harp, Jewish mouth harp, Jew-harp, Jewsharp, Jews heart, mouthfiddle; marranzano pancake, Omaha Flapjack;

Louisiana [Cajuns]: ruine-babines [originated from the French language of Nouvelle France, Canada]

Canada, Quebec: bombarde [most common use; the name is the same as the little oboe in Brittany [Bretagne, France] or the lowest drone of an organ]: guimbarde [like the French in Europe], ruine-babine [used more for mouth harmonica, but also for Jew’ s harp], trompe [in use in Montreal-area, Nouvelle-France, 1700-1920], rebuth [Nouvelle-France, 17^th/18^th century], gronde [historical name, around 1700]

Nunavut: qanirvaluutik [Inuit-language recorded at Baie d’Ungava]

Central-America

Cuba: trompa [obsolete], birimbao, trompa de Paris;

Haiti: militô [derived from French mirliton]

Costa Rica: arpa de hocico

South-America. standard: trompa; marimbula, marimbao [for the last two names the location and language are not known here]

Venezuela: trompa goajira [among Goajira-indians];

Columbia: turompa

Brasil: trompa [obsolete] berimboca, harpa de boca, berimbau de boca;

Chile: trompe, torompe, xompe, xompo [last three among Mapuche-people], colobrina [in Quatrahue, Malleco Province];

Argentina: trompa, trompo, trompita, torompe, billimboa; yapinah, ñaipini [= mosquito for the last two], tsonaj [= hummingbird], talú’pa, séli pasát [= bird-call], [last five names among Araucano/Mataco-indians, Chaco Gualamba]; kadoheidé [among Tobas/Pilagás], vat’aohanché [among Chulupí];

Bolivia: mapuíp [precolumbian Jew’s harp, among nomadic Bauré-indians, East-Bolivia];

Peru: pirutu [official name in the Quecha-language], gualamban [Toba-indians]

Asia

Persia: qopuz [15^th century], zamburak, zanboorak, زنبورك

Turkye: aghz tanbūrasī, ağiz muzikasi [notwithstanding the lack of a Turkish Jew’s harp-tradition, still two official names could be found]

Israel, official use in Hebrew: nevel pe, נבל פה

For the remaining part there are no Jew’s harp-traditions in the area of the Middle East

Afghanistan: čang, chang, ﭽﺧﮓ [= harp, common among Pashtus];

cheng, tchang, chang ko’uz, čangko’uz [Uzbek]; qobiz [Turkmen];

Pakistan: cang, chang [Sindh];

India: Central- and North-India: morchang, munchang, mōōrchang, monchanga, murchang, murčang, mochanga, morchanga, morchank, mučanga, khanrong

South-India: morsing [in Karnataka, in Andhra Pradesh], mōōrsing, mursing, moursing, morshingu [all combined forms of mouth and horn = srnga];

Rajasthan: morcha, changari [= small Jew’s harp], ghoraraju [Rhatwa-people in South-Gujarat], ghoraliyo, ghorāliyau, ghodyũ, ghodyun [all bamboo Jew’s harps; Kalbelia-cast];

Madya Pradesh, Bashtar-region: tendor, tendohor, kach-tendohor [iron & bamboo Jew’s harp-types; Muria-tribes];

Bangladesh/Bengal: yangroi [Lesa-population]; vazang [is made of wood; Bampara-population];

Kerala: mukhar-shanq [= mouth-conch];

Assam: gaganā, gonggina, goúgina, gogona [Garo-population], ka mien [Khasi-people in the Meghalay-province], jangroi, yheku, mazin [last one is in use in Nagaland];

Deccan: tonda ramma [in use among the Chenchu-tribes];

Tamil Nadu: mugar-sing

Nepal: kha-wan(g) [Dolpo-pa-tribe/Thakali-tribe]; binaiyo, binayo, malingo [last one is made out of cane; last three names among the Nepalese population]; чангу / tchangu, reké [made out of rush], machinga, murchunga, murcungā [last 5 names in use among Sunawar-population]; macúnga, machúnga [Rai-population]; murjanga [Tamang-population]; kom-i [Limbu-population]; kha-rna [= mouth-tambourine; Thakali-population, South-Tibet], srug-ma [made out of rush-straw], tsampa [made out of barley-straw; the last three names among the Tukucha (Tukucha also live in Tibet)]; gon kap [Tamang-population in the Timal-region]

Uralic populations

The linguistic forms, as a name for the Jew’s harp, present in Eurasiatic, Uralic and in some Turco-altaic or any other palaeo-siberian language cluster, can be related to three different meanings of the name: 1. as a string[instrument]; 2. as a throat[resonator]; 3. as a name for an insect (specifically because of the roaring noise)] – among Chuvash: вархан/varkhan; varám-túna, varám-túma, warchan; палнай/palnay, kúpas [= musquito; a metal Jew’s harp]; among Mari: kovïzh, kovýzh, kabás, kabásh, umshá-kovh;

Kirghiz: темир комуз/temir komuz, temir komouz [= iron lute], ooz-komuz [= mouth-lute], kïguatch coz komouz, kobys-chungur; komus [= cockchafer]; жигач-ооз-комуз / jigatch-ooz-komuz, жыгач ооз комузе/ zhygach ooz komuze;

Armenia/ Hayastan, Հայաստան: бэрни вин/berni vin; among Turkmen: гопуз/gopuz, гапыз/gapyz, kopys, qobiz; among the Khazaks: шан-обыз/shan-kobyz, шон-кобыз / shon-kobyz, kil-kobyz, komyz, komous, kabys, koubys; among the Tatars: кубиз/kubiz [influence from Finno-Ugrian origin], kobus, kubýz, komys; among the Bashkirs: кубыз/ kubýz, кумыз/kumýz, kumýs; agách-kubýz, agách-kumýz [last two are made out of wood], темир кумыз / temir kumyz, агас кумыз /agas kumyz; temir-kubýz, temir-kumýz [last two are made out of iron]; among the Udmurt: zubánka, umkrés; among the Sojots: koms [1895, Ostrowskich] kozulun-komys [recorded by Emsheimer];

Turkestan: qowuz, qobus; among the Uzbek: cang kavuz, ceng kavuz, чанг-кобуз/chang-kobus, chang-kavuz, temir-chang, chang-ko’uz, чангковуз/ changkovuz; among the Tadjik: tschang kobus, chang-kobuz, temir-chang, changi zanona; at the borders of the river Jinesei: kiguatch coz komous;

Siberia

Altai: комос / komos; temir-komus, kobys-tyunyur [its name is compared to a tambourine], komys [= cockchafer] khomouss; ат-комыс / at-komys, кой-комус / koj-komus, тая комус / taia komus, челер комус / cheler komus;

Tuva: temir-khomus, эяаш-хомýс / əyásh-khomús, дая-хомýс / daya-khomus [last two are made out of honeysuckle-tree], söösken-khomus [made out of the mountain rose-willow], charty-khomus [consists of a flat chip of wood], yjach-chomus, yiash khomus [last three names for wooden Jew’s harps], demir-khomus or demir-xomus [made of iron]; kuluzún-khomús and kuluzún-komýs [both: wooden, needle-shaped Jew’s harps]; sheler khomus [wooden or bone Jew’s harp with a string for contraction], kabás; Khakasi-population: khomouss, тимир-хомус / timir-khomus, темир-комус / temir-khomus;

Yakutia/Sakha: timir khomus, хомус / khomus, мас хомус /mas khomus; Kachinz-popul.: koms; common in Samoyedic languages: komis; Ostyak/Vogul: túmra, tómra [both from wood]; suuptúmran [made from bone]; also present [from a Turco-Persian root]: qobis; Buriats [Irkutsk]: хур / khuur, khur [= string]; Dolgan-area: khomús, барган / bargan, баргаан / bargaan, унгуох барган / unguoch bargan;

North-East Siberia [populations]: Nanai: kunká, kungkhá [to play the Jew’s harp = kung], konká, konkáy, muené, pangapoan [the last name emphasizes the needle-shape], муэнэ / muene, мэнгэ / menge, кунгха /kungkha, пангапоан / pangapoan; конкай / konkai; Udzgejch-population: кункай / kunkai, конгкой / kongkoi, момо кункай / momo kunkai; Manegre-popul., Upper Amur-delta: kamuti [bronze Jew’s harp]; among the Ainu of Sachalin: mukkuna, moexkoena; Oroks: кунга / kungá [made of metal], muhonyu; мухае / mukhae, кункай / kunkaj; the Nivch: quingon, quongon, quoŋgoŋ, жаканга / zakanga, канга / kánga, vychranga [vych = metal], koj kan/кой кан , khozón, конгонг / kongong, конгоонг / kongoong, выч-ранга / vytch-panga, кунгахкеи / kungakhkei; Even: кункон / kunkon [an idioglot type], kóngkukan, гявкан / gyavkán, баргавун / bargavun, гаукан / gaukan, игун / igun; Negidal: конкихи / konkikhi, конгкихи / kongkíkhi [kon(g) = morpheme for a characteristic sound, kl = to let it sound, khi = suffix that creates the noun], мухэнэ / mykhene; Oroch: кункай / kunkai, кунгкай / khungkái, кунган / kunkan [kun = a onomatopoetic morpheme, kan = to let it sound] мухэнэ / mykhene,; Udegei: kongkoy [a metal Jew’s harp, idioglot/heteroglot], kunkay, kunkey; kumikáye [= wooden Jew’s harp]; among the Ul’chi: кункай / kunkai, кунгай / kungay, панга / panga [= metal], mugkhény, мухэлэ / mukhene; Evenki: кордавун / kordavun, kongipkévun, kondyvkon, кэнгипкэвун / kengipkévun [all are Jew’s harps cut out of bone]; panár, purgip-kavun, pangár, tergil bakávun [all are metal Jew’s harps], конгипкавун / kongikavun, пургипкаун / purgipkaun, пэрнипкэвун / perinpkevun, тэргилбакаун / tergiabakaun, пэнгипкэвун / pengipkevun, пангэвкаун / pangevkaun; Sel’kup: pəŋgar [Wasson, 1968], punggar, пынур/pýnyr [= buzzer; pynyrko = to buzz], al’pýnyr [= mouth-buzzer], kezyl pýnyr [= metal buzzer], pol’pýnyr [= wooden buzzer] кызыл-пыныр / kyzyl-pynyr, поль-пыныр / poly-pynyr; Kereki: ваннэ яй / vannè yay; Koryak/Itelmen/Chukchi: варыга / varyga, ваарган / vaargan; ванни-яяр/vanni-yayar, ванны ярар / vanni-yarar, ванни-яяй / vanni-yayay; the Chukchi also use: зубной бубен/zubnoi buben [last two names mean teeth-tambourine] ванны ярар (дерево, кость, металл, китовый ус); Kets: пумыл /pumyl, pyml, lyumel’ [from wood or bone], пымель / pymel’, пымыль / pymyl’; Nenet- (or Nench)-population: вывко/vývko [= hummer]; Tuvinchi: демир-хомус / demir-khomus, темир-хомус / temir-khomus, чарты хомус / charty-khomus, ыяш-хомус / ýyash-khomus, кулузун комус / kuluzun-khomus [bamboo]; Khanti/Mansi: тумран / tumran, тамрэ / tamre, тамрянг / tamrjang, томра / tomra, тумрэ /tumre; Yukagir: ванна ангананг / vanna anganang
Mongolia. Buriat-people [obsolete names for shaman-Jew’s harps]: aman-chur, аман хуур / aman khuur, amon khor, aman tobshuur [all four meaning: lip-string; in present these names are associated with the Jew’s harp and also with the mouth-harmonica; chur [Cyrillic хур or хор = khur or khor] can be connected with Churši Noon/Хурсы Нун, the ‘Lord of the Iron Strings’ and the Jew’s harps among the Buriat-shamans],

booglin [shaman Jew’s harp]; temür khuur, temür-chur, tömör khuur, tömör xuur, tömör hel khuur [brass Jew’s harp], təmər khor [all four meaning iron string], хулсанр хуур / khulsang khuur, хулсан хуур / khulsan khuur, hulsan hel khuur [last three for a bamboo Jew’s harp], тəмəр аман хуур / tömör aman khuur, thel khuur, хел хуур / khel khuur [= tongue fiddle, name for a wooden Jew’s harp]; kuru [last in Manchur-language]; jil khör [= tongue-string or language-string; Darkhat-population]; yassan khor [Jew’s harp made of a bone]

Japan: mukkuri, koukin [= mouth-harp], ko-kin [previous three are standard for the Japanese language]; kutsibiwa, kuchibiwa [= buzzing lute; Honsiu]; kuti no koto [= mouth-zither], mukkuna [Ainu-people, Sachalin], Ainu-mukkuri, mukkuri [made of sabita- wood, among Ainu-people, Hokaido], mookh-kuri; kannimukur, kanimukkuri [last two are metal Jew’s harps among Ainu-people, Hokaido]; kyakon, biwabon, biyabon [from Portugese linguistic origin - obsolete now]

China standard words: k’u k’in, kiou-kin, kou-qin; kou xiang, kouxian [= 3- or 4-bladed mouth strings], gue gueq [three small bamboo Jew’s harps played together in one set, among Naxi-people]; kuhuang, zhuzhi kouhuang [= bamboo Jew’s harp], jinshu kouhuang [= metal Jew’s harp]; hoho [among the Yi-people]; k’ou-hsien; standard for North-China: k’o-chin, k’ou-ch’in, koqin, k’o-ch’in, kuqin [all connected with the Japanese name koukin]; Yun Nan: kouhuang qin, yòu chēng kŏu huáng, kŏu xián, zuĭ qín, huang, hwang [the last two are derived from the archaic notion g’wâng = free reed], tieyehuang [obsolete iron-leaf Jew’s harp; Ch’en Yang, ± anno 1094], helang [bamboo Jew’s harp; Wa-popul.], tushihuohuo [2-lamellae-Jew’s harp], magahuohuo [3-lamellae-Jew’s harp], sixuanhuohuo [4-lamellae Jew’s harp], longgûh or long-gê [3 or 4-lamellas Jew’s harp, sometimes made from bullet-cases; Yi-population]; zhai [bamboo/metal Jew’s harp; Li-population, Hainan]; South-China: ²kwuo-¹kwuo, ³K’a-²kwuo-¹kwuo [last name is plucked bamboo Jew’s harp of the Na-khi], ¹dta-²kwuo-¹kwuo [chord-tracted wooden Jew’s harp of the Nakhi; also among Ta-li-Minchia in Yun Nan]; ncav [in the white dialect among White-Hmong in the Guangxi Zhuang-district]

Vietnam: tuong [Are-population]; tong, pang teu ing [Muong-population]; kong-kle, kon hle [made out of teak-wood, Sedang-tribe], rhnui [last three names of Sedang-population]; ngoêc, nggoec [iron Jew’s harp; Mnong-/Muong-gar-population]; goeh, göch [Rhadé-population]; guat [Roglai-population]; rabn cas [general name among the Hmong]; toung [among Koho-, Maa-, Sre-population]; goc [from the area of Viet Boc]; đoc tau đan môi, đan môi, đan môi tre, đan môi sat [four names among Black-Hmong and Flower-Hmong (or Hua Miao) - explanations: đan = instrument; môi = lips; tre = wood; sat = metal]; röding jörai, röding [Jörai-population]; hoon toeng [Thai-population]

Taiwan: ku-chin [in general, under influence of the Chinese culture]; tiv², datok [last one is made with a brass lamella in a wooden frame; both names from the Ami-tribes, East Taiwan] tubuw sepat, tubu sepatz [bamboo-Jew’s harp with three or four metal lamellas; among the Seedeq-tribes] – among the Atayal-tribes: lubu [a general word], lubu qaw qaw [one-lamella Jew’s harp], balaz duluk [four-lamellae Jew’s harp], duk dulduk, sain duluk [half wood/half metal Jew’s harp, tuned in secund major] robo [bamboo Jew’s harp with 4 lamella’s of metal]; - among the Bunun-tribes: honghong

Cambodia: angkuoch, ankuoċ [Angkor-Wat; in use among Kuy-people in Preah Vihear-area, border of Thailand]; nvatt [Bönon]

Birma: gougina, gaganā, gonggina [last three of the Garo-popul.]; mago [a three Jew’s harp-set for playing simultaneously; Lisha-tribe, Šan-state]; chæi [single bar Jew’s harp among Lakhers]; t’xe [among Karen-tribes]; pyē, pau, hoon toeng [last 4 names in use at the Lisu of Šan-state];

Tibet: k’api [obsolete from the Salouen-valley]; kha-rnga [Tukucha-population]; kuxxé [string pulled brass Jew’s harp], bangsu [bamboo Jew’s harp], kavrang [Jew’s harp made out of iron];

Laos: rab ncas, tōi [made out of brass; both names in use among Hmong-populations]; hūn [Lao-population]; anking [in use among the Maram]; hroong [among the Khmu Ou-people in the Highlands of North-Laos];

Thailand: ata [Lahu-population]; saga² [general; an influence from Sumatra]; jong nong/จ้องหน่อง [in use in Central-Thailand]; yangong [last name was recorded of a wooden type longer than 100 cm!], shong nong; rab ncas, tōi [out of wood; both names from Hmong-populations.]; huen/หืน [in use in Northeast-Thailand]; hūn toong [Akha-people], hūn [Lao-population]; a¯hta˘ [in use among the Lahoe-nyi of Northeast Thailand]

Insular South-East Asia: some general proper names: dongke, oedjang, krindingan

Indonesia: génggong [standard Bahasa]; génggong wadon [made out of arèn-palmwood, in a feminine tuned-principle]

Bali/Lombok: génggong lanang [made out of arèn-palmwood or pohon jako-wood; tuned in a masculin principle]; : génggong sassak, génggong klopokan [= bamboo Jew’s harp with clapper at the end of the string – according to Kindwald this type is very rare nowadays]; for Jew’s harp-orchestration on these two islands: gamelan gengénggonggan = Jew’s harps-orchestra]; ginggong, djing-gong, gengon, gingon [last 4 words from Malaysian origine], antèr, antèl [name for a metal Jew’s harp at the Sassak in East-Lombok]; selobér [plucked Jew’s harp, plucked form is obsolete in Bali]

Sumatera/Sumatra: hodong² [= leaf-stalk; Simalungun-Bataks]; popo, gogo [in Aceh, among Gayo], djouring, juring [Lampong, Krui-area], saga², zagah² [Pakpak-popul., Douring-popul.];

Djawa/Java: karinding awi [bamboo Jew’s harp], karinding [Jew’s harp of arènpalm, forked lamella, Sunda]; rinding, rinding wesi [wesi = iron], karinding besi, karinding beusi [besi, beusi = iron], karèng [made out of bamboo; 5 last names from Central-Java]; karinding rakit [three-lamellas Jew’s harp of wood, Baduj-popul.], grinding [three-lamellas Jew’s harp]; the three-lamellae specimens have to be intoned by beating the thumb on the base of the frame.

Borneo: Kalimantan: gariding, tahoentong, garinding [Dayak], stobung [Land-Dayak]; engsulu, rudieng sulu [both among Lake-Dayak]; aping [Kayan-tribe], tong buweh [Modang]; rudieng, giriding, teruding, dongke, gendang untuk ‘mulit’ [general use];

Mentawai Island: jajaok, jejoak;

Nias north: duri; south: druri bewe;

Flores: ginggong, kědang [location Larantuka], gènggo, robe [very small Ngadanese Jew’s harp of palmwood], égo [Central-Flores], lědo [Riangwulu], wěda [Paluwé isl.]; Nagé: wěto [Boawaé], kobèng [Mbai]; Manggaray: nèntu [Rutèng], kombing [Rajong]-[all Flores names by Jaap Kunst, 1942];

Sumba: nggunggi;

Timur: nago oa [of bamboo], knobé, knobé-oh [Central-Timor], pepuro [East-Timor], nago besi [of iron], keit besi [= iron blade];

Bonerate: rinda [made out of bamboo];

Sulawesi: Minahasa: oli [orkes oli = name for a Jew’s harps-orchestra]; karombi(i), [Sa’dang-Torajas]; waringi [Toraja], pare [Tomini-culture, North Sulawesi]; Butung [Buton] Islands: ore-ore mbondu, ore ngkale; Kailinese area: yori; Muna Island: karinta

Maluku/Moluccas: kiomie [Nualu-culture];

Aru Islands: berimbak [Portugese influence from berimbau]; Buru-isl.: tingkobi [made from jagan aren-palmwood], woringi [Torajas]

Philippines: alibaw, olat, onat, onnat [last three names are for a brass Jew’s harp-type]; kulang, barimbao, barimbo, kulang [last one is made out of bamboo; last three names in use among Tagalog-population]; arimbo [last name of Spanish influence]; kinaban [Hanunóo-tribe]; ab-a-fu, abáfyu, abafiu, ab-a-fü, abafiw, aphiw, afiw [all words belong to the Bontoc-Igorot dialect]; bikung, bi’ung, biqqung, bikkung, guyd, guyud [are brass Jew’s harp; last six names in use among Ifugao-tribes of Kiangan and Banaue]; kulaiñg [Kotabato-tribe of Tirurai]; giwong, onat, ulibao, ulibaw, kebing, kobing [Maranao], kubing [in use among Manobo-, Lanao-, Kalinga-populations]; kumbing [Ubo- and T’boli-tribes, Lake Sebu, South-Cotabato]; balingbao [made out of bamboo; Bagobo-population; derived from the Old-Spanish birimbao]; kolibao, conlibao, konlibao, kalibao [all four Tingguian-culture in Luzon], purivan [made out of bamboo], agiweng [made out of brass; last five names among Tinguian-population]; ko-ding [Ibaloy-tribe]; kulimbau [common name among the Igorot]; aroding [Palawan]; aru-ding [Tagbanua] kolibau [Tingguian]; kulaing [Yakan]; kading, koding [Igorot-tribes of Nabaloi]; subing, subiñg [in use among the Bisayan, Philippinos and Iraya-Mangyan tribes of Mindoro; the subing consists of two privy parts: tiwtiw = lamella, penis; ateg = frame, vagina]; kulibao [made out of an unknown sort of wood; in use among Negritos/ Baluga]; oribao [Isneg-population]; ediokeko [in use on the island Enggano; obsolete now]

Malaysia:
Sarawak [Borneo]: teruding, bungkau, bungkao [both in use among the Dusun-people], gěruděng, giriding [Iban-Dayak]; rudien sulu, ensutu [out of metal; both names among the Lake- or Sea-Dayak], junggotan, jinggong [last two among Bedayuh-popul.], stobrou [Moro, Sulu Archip.];

Sabah [Borneo]: bungkau [Kadazan people], turiding;

Malaya Peninsula [Semenanjung Tanah Melayu]: ginggoeng [an acculturated name from Indonesia and insular Southeast-Asia, in use among the protomalayan tribes such as the Jakun]; anoin [of protomalayan origin, in use among the Orang Seman-population]; juring rangguin, gingon [Senoi, Sakai, Temiar]; jyrin [Kelantan-district]; genggong sakai [Sakai-tribes]; rangoyd [Lanoh-tribe]; rangun [Jahai-population]

Melanesia

Vanuatu/New Hebrides: tawaya [made from the bark of the native cabbagetree];

Solomon Islands : Nissan: mabu; Malaita: kwadili [To’abaita-tribe]; Buka: ookooko; Santa Isabel: neve; Bougainville: tankuvani, kove-kove [Rotokas], kong-kong [Halia]; Norfolk Island: mike

Bismarck Archipelago New Britain: kaur [= bamboo; Gazelle Peninsuala]; New Ireland: ngab [King-tribe];

Niugini/Papua New Guinea: standard and most common in use: susap [Pidgin for Jew’s harp]; general in use, but without special references: harim susap, pom-pom, pumbune, bom-bom, kalinguang, galinquang, ding dong; tambagl [Chimbu-tribe, Kuman-language]; gwb [Kalam people]; uluna, [Bosavi-Kaluli], tambag [Angalimp-Minj-tribes]; silib [Yuri-culture]; tofugo, tofuro, tofugona [all from the Jate- (or Yate-) language-area]; hirima [in Tairora-language area]; tombagl [Meaim language-area]; lino, lin, ngau [all three in Enga language-area]; abid [Waina-culture]; fomikaue [Jagaria language-area]; hotoro [Ino language area]; wege [in Dumaka-language, Onuma-region, prov. Chimbu]; Papoea/West-New Guinea: tungge; toka² [little Jew’s harp], momborsa [tall Jew’s harp; the last two found in the language of Samarokena, district Sarmi, Apauwer-river];

Central New Guinea: tabale [Golin, in the Dom language area], tàblimé [Salt-Yui]; Eastern Highlands: wano [Agarabi], futjien wakan [Asmat-tribes], ontoi, ontóímá [Auyaana-Kosena], ponro [Awa], pirandaza [Barua], sipilohi [out of bamboo; Bena-Bena], ondösa [Binumarien], ogíné [Foré], ondo’ni [Gadsup], mbalavala [Asaro], hónto [Kamano, in Kafé-language, Kainnatu district], hóndo [among Karafu, in Kafé-language], hontua [Kanite], kóí [Siane], oqoka [Tairora], oqtóma [Usarufa]; East-Sepik: bobuhul [Bahinemo]; savyk, sapyt [last two names among the Iatmul]; Star Mountains, West-Sepik: susaf; Madang: dumbing, ken ndombing [Surio]; Milne Bay: veve [Daga]; Morobé-district: begnankr [Snake Valley, Buang-pop.], madarang [Adzera]; begog, agis [= little cord; both from the Buang], biy goy-goy, horouves [Kunimaipa], bajoog [Manga-Buang], kolanduwei [Biangai], siringa [Waffa], begu [Suena], tompupae [= penis; Wajokeso/Ampale], wilimp [Weri], bigon [Dani]; the North: pupuaka [Managalasi], bebetoe [Upper Managalasi], bemudo, bigoru [both among the Yareba]; Biak/Tanah Merah/Lake Sentani (Papoea): songer; pipo, bibo [both among the Roro-tribes]; Southern Highlands: moio; hili yula [Huli-tribes];